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Digital Twin Digital Twin

A Boost for ZF Developers

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Lean validation and digital twin provide the basis for faster and more efficient development processes – with greater reliability.
Stefan Schrahe,
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Stefan Schrahe has been writing about everything four-wheeled for three decades now. In his leisure time, he enjoys traveling by bike - though he also prefers motorized ones.
It is a prime example of the power of the digital transformation: applying the principle of lean validation, ZF saved more than 100 million euros in 2022 alone. The use of simulations in the development process is receiving a further boost from digital twins, which virtually model real prototypes. The goal: to shorten development processes through virtual releases.

Lean validation: Established Within Five Years

Lean validation: Established Within Five Years

As a former testing engineer, Bastian Schubert, who is in charge of Validation Strategy & Reliability at ZF, has a detailed understanding of the conventional development processes in the automotive industry. Testing hardware prototypes is extremely expensive and time consuming: “There are phases where all you can do is wait. For example when a new prototype is being built. During that time you do not gain any knowledge. It is lost time that you could put to better use.”

In view of quantum leaps in such areas as electromobility, the software-defined vehicle, increasingly networked systems in the vehicle and automated functions, similar paradigm shifts are needed in R&D – even more so as cost and time pressures continue to escalate despite an increasingly dynamic technological environment. This makes it indispensable to establish cross-divisional processes that will save time while generating and nurturing the kind of knowledge that will yield ongoing benefits for all future development work.
“We [...] are focused on individual, new components and complement the data with simulation results. The demonstrated reliability of the product is then equivalent to or even better than the complex testing of the overall system.”
Bastian Schubert, responsible for Validation Strategy & Reliability at ZF

Lean validation is a process that meets those criteria. Introduced by ZF in 2017, within five years it saved the company over 100 million euros. The basic principle: the hybrid utilization of physical and virtual tests. In the past, simulations were limited to a traffic light function, indicating whether physical validation with hardware could begin. Today they are part of the development process from the planning stage to release. Data from individual components from the field or past validations are included in the simulation. The more data can be obtained for individual components, the more accurately the model will predict the behavior of new components or systems.

Bastian Schubert: “We no longer set up the design verification plan for tailor-made lean validation processes to test the entire system. Instead, the tests are focused on individual, new components and complement the data with simulation results. The demonstrated reliability of the product is then equivalent to or even better than the complex testing of the overall system.” The use of prior knowledge and simulation results has generated substantial savings by avoiding unnecessary test runs. Today lean validation is applied in more than 80 percent of the development processes at ZF. Because the knowledge from each individual process is in turn incorporated into the models, lean validation is a system that continuously improves itself.

Time Saving

The next step: Virtual Release - the virtual development method is to eliminate physical construction stages for ZF by 2025, which would shorten the validation time by about one third.

The Next Step: Coming Close to Reality With Digital Twins

The Next Step: Coming Close to Reality With Digital Twins

The digital twin takes it a step further. It is a virtual image that models the behavior of a real ZF product throughout the product lifecycle.

With the digital twin, what is learned from simulations can be refined and new approaches implemented at the system and component level. By combining the digital twins of individual systems – such as a transmission – with that of the vehicle manufacturer or the drive unit, developers can learn more about how they interact. Just as important: the digital twin makes the benefits of simulations available even to those who are not necessarily simulation experts: Designers only have to enter the relevant data in a computerized model – after that, the rest is practically automatic. Nor is it only component and vehicle developers who benefit from the digital twin: If the digital twin is utilized by vehicle services or functions linked to the mileage or wear of components, this can also yield benefits for drivers. For example, it would be possible to make a precise assessment of the condition of a used car using data from the digital twin – and to predict future repair needs.
Today lean validation is applied in more than
80 %
of the development processes at ZF.

The Future: Virtual Release

The Future: Virtual Release

The combination of lean validation and a digital twin is known as virtual release. This reverses the original relationship between a hardware test and simulation: “The simulation with the digital twin will become our basic instrument for releasing developments,” explains Bastian Schubert. “In the future the purpose of real tests will be to check how good our simulations are. But instead of having to carry out complete testing, we will only have to check how closely the predicted results from the simulation match the actual test results. The test will tell us how good our model is. Once this is confirmed, the release will be based on the simulation – and not on the test.” This will bring enormous time savings – especially because we will not stop learning just because we are waiting for new prototypes to be made. Unlike the hybrid release approach under lean validation, with virtual release we are no longer just reducing the scope of individual tests. Instead we can virtualize entire test series in certain prototype phases.
So, in three stages, ZF is significantly reducing development times and costs with no loss of quality. What better way to remain competitive in a dynamic environment.
“The simulation with the digital twin will become our basic instrument for releasing developments."
Bastian Schubert, responsible for Validation Strategy & Reliability at ZF