The primary suspension absorbs excitations originating from the road. The suspension enables the wheel to follow the unevenness of the road. However, the stored energy is released again by the suspension system when the wheel is rebounding. The chassis needs shock absorbers to dampen vibrations caused by this as quickly as possible.Sprung and unsprung masses vibrate in different frequency ranges. Shock absorbers aligned with vehicle suspension basically prevent the body from rocking and vibrating. They ensure permanent road grip of the wheels and thus good lateral guidance and braking effects. Damping plays a decisive role in driving safety and ride comfort.

• N-Damper
  The N-damper was specially developed for modern air and parabolic springs. It has proven itself in longdistance trucks and under extreme conditions in heavy terrain.
  
  Advantages:
  
  • Long service life
  • Great tire comfort
  • Low friction
  • Multi-stage piston and base valves
  • Perfect for modern air suspension concepts

• PCV® - Premium Comfort Valve
  The PCV® technology opens up new possibilities for conventional shock absorbers and allows for significantly higher comfort without compromising stability.
  
  The new sense of comfort provided by PCV® results from the robust damping of the axle movements at low compression speeds and from a very harmonic transition to the next force levels that are needed at higher speeds.
  
  Advantages:
  
  • Improved comfort
  • More precise adjustment of the damper characteristics
  • No external control systems
  • Significant minimization of the noise situation in the vehicle
  • Available for mechanical and air springs
  • Independent of ride height
  • Outstanding cost/performance ratio

• LDM - Air Spring Damper Module
  The LDM air spring damper module is an alternative to the established concept of installing dampers and air springs next to one another in the suspension. It is a compact unit consisting of both an air spring and a damper.
  
  Advantages:
  
  • Improved anti-roll stability – especially important if body has high center of gravity
  • With the respective axle kinematics, larger spring travels result, e.g. when swap trailers and semitrailers are attached
  • Reduced installation space
  • The combination of spring and shock absorber enables a wide spring track
  • Sizing of the outside dimensions of the bellows and rolling piston make high axle loads possible
  • LDM can be combined with the continuous damping control system CDC®

• CDC®
  CDC® is the damping control system for buses and commercial vehicles that combines uncompromising comfort and driving safety – from a single source, from ZF.
  
  Advantages:
  
  • Stability even in critical driving situations
  • Safe handling during dynamic driving maneuvers
  • Comfort for driver and passengers
  • Protection of cargo, packaging, and vehicle body
  • Reduced vehicle wear
  • Reduction in road damage
  • Increase in cost-effectiveness

Control grooves in the cylinder tube, which create a hydraulic bypass, are used to implement stroke-dependent damping. The hydraulic bypass works on the piston valve. It is mechanically formed in the cylinder tube of the shock absorber.The piston travels over the control groove depending on the shock absorber position and stroke. When oil flows over the groove, hydraulic resistance is reduced and therefore the damping force as well. The damping forces are significantly higher outside the grooves – for even more driving safety.Careful design of the transition profile between the groove and the smooth part of the cylinder prevents abrupt changes in vehicle damping.Advantages:

• Enhanced comfort
• Economical
• Integration into standard shock absorbers possible
• Can replace existing shock absorbers
• No control elements needed